Grammar

A1 Level

Prepositions

• At, in, on – prepositions of time
• At, in, on – prepositions of place
• Next to, under, between, in front of, behind, over – prepositions of place

Questions

• Questions – word order and question words
• Basic Question Forms – (Who, What, Where, When, How)

Verb Tenses

• Present simple forms of ‘to be’ – am/is/are
• Present simple – I do, I don’t, Do I?
• Present continuous – I’m doing, I’m not doing, Are you doing?
• Present simple or present continuous?
• Have got
• Was/were – past simple of ‘be’
• Past simple – regular/irregular verbs
• Past simple – negatives and questions
• ‘Will’ and ‘shall’ – Future
• Be going to – plans and predictions
• Verb “to have” – I have, You have

Modals

• Can, can’t – ability, possibility, permission

Other Topics

• A/an, plurals – singular and plural forms
• A/an, the, no article – articles
• Much, many, a lot of, a little, a few – quantifiers
• This, that, these, those
• Possessive adjectives and subject pronouns (I/my, you/your, etc.)
• Object pronouns vs subject pronouns – me or I, she or her?
• Whose, possessive ‘s – Whose is this? It’s Mike’s
• There is, there are – there was, there were
• There or it
• Adjectives – old, interesting, expensive, etc.
• Adverbs of manner (slowly) – or adjectives (slow)?
• Comparative adjectives – older than, more important than, etc.
• Superlative adjectives – the oldest, the most important, etc.
• The imperative – Sit down! Don’t talk!
• Would you like…? I’d like…
• Conjunctions – and, but, or, so, because
• Adverbs of frequency with present simple
• Possessive Pronouns – mine, yours, his, hers, etc.
• Simple Word Order – Subject + Verb + Object

A2 Level

Prepositions

• Prepositions of movement – along, across, over, etc.
• On time vs In time, At the end vs In the end
• Verb + preposition

Questions

• Asking questions in English – Question forms
• Subject questions, questions with preposition

Verb Tenses

• Present perfect – form and use
• Present perfect or past simple?
• Past simple – form and use
• Past continuous and past simple
• Past perfect
• Will vs be going to – future
• Present continuous for future arrangements
• First conditional and future time clauses

Modals

• Have to, don’t have to, must, mustn’t
• Should, shouldn’t
• Might, might not – possibility

Other Topics

• Used to, didn’t use to – past habits and states
• ‘Do’ vs ‘Make’ – What’s the difference?
• Verbs with two objects
• Stative vs dynamic verbs (or non-action vs action verbs)
• Phrasal verbs – transitive and intransitive, separable and inseparable
• Defining relative clauses – who, which, that, where
• Reported speech – indirect speech
• Verbs + to + infinitive and verbs + -ing
• Expressing purpose with ‘to’ and ‘for’
• Infinitives and gerunds – verb patterns
• Present and past simple passive: be + past participle
• Subject pronouns, object pronouns, possessive pronouns, possessive adjectives
• Something, anything, nothing, etc.
• Too, too much, too many, enough
• So, neither – so am I, neither do I, etc.
• Much, many, little, few, some, any – quantifiers
• Frequency Adverbs – always, sometimes, never
• Comparative and Superlative Adjectives – Regular and irregular forms
• Countable vs. Uncountable Nouns – some, many, few, much, little
• Relative Pronouns – who, which, that
• Conjunctions – because, but, so, although, etc.
• Review of all verb tenses A2

B1 Level

Prepositions

• During, for, while
• For, since, from – What’s the difference?
• Verb + preposition
• Adjective + preposition

Questions

• Question tags – aren’t you? don’t you?
• Indirect questions

Verb Tenses

• Present perfect simple and present perfect continuous
• Present perfect simple or continuous
• Past simple, past continuous, past perfect
• Future forms – will, be going to, present continuous
• Second conditional – unreal situations
• First and second conditionals

Modals

• Have to, must, should – obligation, prohibition, necessity, advice
• Modal verbs of deduction – must, might, could, can’t
• Can, could, be able to – ability and possibility
• Usually, used to, be used to, get used to

Other Topics

• Phrasal verbs 1, 2, 3 – exercises and explanation
• Past modal verbs of deduction
• Likely, unlikely, bound, definitely, probably – probability
• Wishes and regrets – I wish / if only
• Passive verb forms
• Active and passive voice
• Indirect speech – reported speech
• Gerund or infinitive – do, to do, doing
• Would rather, would prefer – expressing preference
• A(n), the, no article
• Reflexive pronouns – myself, yourself
• Any, no, none – quantifiers
• Another, other, others, the other, the others
• Compound adjectives with numbers: ‘a two-day trip’
• The … the … comparatives
• -Ed/-ing adjectives – adjectives from verbs
• So, such, such a, so much, so many
• Adjective order
• Already, still, yet – What’s the difference?
• Pretty, rather, quite, fairly
• Clauses of contrast, purpose and reason
• Gerunds vs Infinitives – when to use gerunds vs. infinitives
• Reported Speech – shifting tenses when reporting speech
• Review of all verb tenses B1

B1+ Level

Prepositions

• Position of adverbs and adverb phrases

Questions

• Questions – different types

Verb Tenses

• Narrative tenses – all past tenses
• Future continuous and future perfect
• Second and third conditionals – unreal conditionals
• Review of all verb tenses B1-B2

Modals

• Past modal verbs of deduction
• Wishes and regrets – I wish / if only
• Would and used to – past habits and repeated actions

Other Topics

• The passive voice – all tenses
• The passive with reporting verbs – It is said that …
• Have something done
• Gerund or infinitive – verb patterns
• Verbs of the senses: look, sound, feel, etc.
• Reporting verbs – admit doing, refuse to do, etc.
• Quantifiers – all, most, both, either, neither, any, no, none
• Whatever, whenever, wherever, whoever, however
• So, such (a), so much, so many
• Participles as adjectives (-ed / -ing adjectives)
• Adjectives without noun

B2 Level

Prepositions

• Inversion with negative adverbials – adding emphasis

Questions

• Ellipsis and substitution

Verb Tenses

• Narrative tenses, used to, would
• Future forms – expressing future time
• Other ways to express future – be about to, be due to, etc.
• Future in the past
• All conditionals – mixed conditionals, alternatives to if, inversion

Modals

• Speculation and deduction – modal verbs and expressions
• Distancing – expressions and passive of reporting verbs
• Wish, rather, if only, it’s time – unreal uses of past tenses

Other Topics

• Passive verbs with two objects
• Reflexive and reciprocal pronouns
• Generic pronouns – common-gender pronouns
• Compound nouns and possessive forms
• Possessive ’s with time expressions – Two hours’ walk
• Relative clauses – defining and non-defining
• Cleft sentences – adding emphasis
• Clauses of contrast, purpose, reason and result
• Discourse markers – linking words
• Participle clauses

C1 Level: Advanced Grammar Topics

Complex Sentence Structures

• Cleft Sentences
  • Example: It was John who called me yesterday.
• Inversion after Negative Adverbs
  • Example: Never have I seen such a beautiful painting.
• Conditional Sentences with Inversion
  • Example: Had I known, I would have acted differently.

Advanced Verb Forms

• Advanced Perfect Tenses
  • Example: He has been working on the project for days.
• Modals in the Past (Modal Perfect)
  • Example: He should have called me.
• Future Perfect Continuous
  • Example: By next year, I will have been living here for ten years.

Subjunctive Mood

• Present Subjunctive
  • Example: I recommend that he leave immediately.
• Past Subjunctive
  • Example: I wish I were taller.

Advanced Conditionals

• Mixed Conditionals
  • Example: If I had studied harder, I would be a doctor now.
• Third Conditional
  • Example: If I had known, I would have helped you.

Relative Clauses and Phrases

• Reduced Relative Clauses
  • Example: The man standing by the door is my father.
• Non-defining Relative Clauses
  • Example: London, which is the capital of England, is a large city.

Nominalization

• Turning Verbs or Adjectives into Nouns
  • Example: His refusal to help surprised everyone.

Reported Speech (Advanced)

• Reporting Questions and Commands
  • Example: She asked if I had seen the movie.
• Shifts in Tenses in Reported Speech
  • Example: He said he had been working late.

Articles and Determiners (Advanced Use)

• Zero Article
  • Example: I love nature.
• Advanced Use of Quantifiers
  • Example: There are only a few people who understand this.

Ellipsis and Substitution

• Using Ellipsis to Avoid Repetition
  • Example: She can play the guitar, and he can too.
• Using Substitution for Cohesion
  • Example: I prefer the red one.

Gerunds and Infinitives (Advanced)

• Complex Verb Patterns
  • Example: I regret not going to the meeting.

Advanced Conjunctions and Linking Devices

• Concessive Clauses
  • Example: Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
• Advanced Discourse Markers
  • Example: Nevertheless, the project was completed on time.

Advanced Modals

• Modals of Speculation and Deduction
  • Example: She must be tired after working all day.
• Modal Verbs in Passive Voice
  • Example: The report should have been finished yesterday.

Parallel Structures

• Maintaining Parallelism
  • Example: He likes hiking, swimming, and cycling.

Advanced Word Order

• Emphasizing Different Parts of a Sentence
  • Example: Rarely have I seen such dedication.

Idiomatic Language and Collocations

• Advanced Phrasal Verbs
  • Example: She came up with a brilliant idea.
• Idiomatic Expressions
  • Example: It’s raining cats and dogs.

Additional Focus Areas at C1 Level

• Causative Structures
  • Example: I had my car washed yesterday.
• Advanced Passive Voice
  • Example: It is believed that the company will expand soon.
• Advanced Noun Clauses
  • Example: What you need is a good night’s sleep.